• Login
    • Join
  • FOLLOW:
  • Subscribe Free
    • Magazine
    • eNewsletter
    Checkout
    • Magazine
    • News
    • Manufacturing
    • Packaging
    • Development
    • Compliance
    • Top 20
    • Directory
    • Microsites
    • Events
    • More
  • Magazine
  • News
  • Manufacturing
  • Packaging
  • Development
  • Compliance
  • Top 20
  • Directory
  • Microsites
  • Events
  • Current / Back Issue
    Features
    Editorial
    Columns
    Digital Edition
    eNewsletter Archive
    Our Team
    Editorial Guidelines
    Subscribe Now
    Advertise Now
    Top Features
    Newsmakers: Darren Shirley

    Are You Prepared for the 2023 DSCSA Deadline?

    Rethinking the Changing Role of the CRO

    23rd Annual Salary Survey

    Pharma 4.0 and the Modernizing Power of Digital Technology Transfer
    Breaking News
    Online Exclusives
    Industry News
    Collaborations & Alliances
    Promotions & Moves
    Trials & Filings
    Financial Reports
    Bio News & Views
    Custom Sourcing News
    Packaging & Tracking
    CRO News
    Live From Shows
    Top News
    Ixaka & Minaris Sign Tech Transfer & GMP Manufacturing Agreement for Cell Therapy Candidate

    Pfizer, BioNTech Adapt COVID Vax Against Omicron

    CoreRx Expands Capabilities

    Pierre Fabre and Lonza Enter Manufacturing Agreement

    MasterControl and Elemental Machines Form Biomanufacturing Partnership
    APIs
    Aseptic Processing
    Cleaning Validation
    Clinical Trial Materials
    Cytotoxics and High Potency Manufacturing
    Equipment
    Excipients
    Extractables and Leachables
    Facilities
    Fill/Finish
    Lyophilization
    Parenterals
    Process Development
    Process Validation
    Risk Management
    Scale-up/ Technology Transfer
    Solid Dosage/ Creams/ Ointments

    CoreRx Expands Capabilities

    Pierre Fabre and Lonza Enter Manufacturing Agreement

    Qosina Strengthens Aseptic Capabilities

    MilliporeSigma Opens $65M CDMO Facility for Cancer Therapies

    Antheia Receives $40 million in Venture Debt Financing
    Capsules
    Cold Chain Management
    Injectables
    Logistics
    Serialization
    Solid Dosage / Semi-solids
    Supply Chain
    Vials

    Tubular Glass Primary Packaging for Pharmaceutical, Biotech and Diagnostic Containment

    How to Improve the Cold Chain System in Remote Locations

    Sentry Biopharma Services: Protecting Pharmaceutical Integrity

    Yourway to Build New Flagship European Depot

    Newsmakers: Darren Shirley
    Analytical Services
    Bioanalytical Services
    Bioassay Developement
    Biologics, Proteins, Vaccines
    Biosimilars
    Chemistry
    Clinical Trials
    Drug Delivery
    Drug Development
    Drug Discovery
    Formulation Development
    Information Technology
    Laboratory Testing
    Methods Development
    Microbiology
    Preclinical Outsourcing
    R&D
    Toxicology

    Ixaka & Minaris Sign Tech Transfer & GMP Manufacturing Agreement for Cell Therapy Candidate

    MasterControl and Elemental Machines Form Biomanufacturing Partnership

    Charles River and Ziphius Vaccines to Manufacture saRNA-based Vaccine

    Cullinan Oncology, Taiho to Develop & Commercialize CLN-081/TAS6417 in the U.S.

    BioNTech Breaks Ground on First mRNA Vax Mfg. Facility in Africa
    Filtration & Purification
    GMPs/GCPs
    Inspections
    QA/QC
    Regulatory Affairs
    Validation

    Should Remote Pharma GMP Audits End After COVID?

    Why is Big Pharma Increasingly Adopting 505(b)(2)?

    Sentry Biopharma Services: Protecting Pharmaceutical Integrity

    Selkirk Pharma Appoints New Head of Quality

    Be Safer by Doing Less: The Future of Zero Touch AE Case Processing
    Companies
    Categories
    Corporate Capabilities
    Add New Company
    Contract Service Directory Companies
    Baxter BioPharma Solutions

    Qosina

    Societal CDMO

    Biosynth Carbosynth

    Aphena Pharma Solutions
    Companies
    News Releases
    Posters
    Brochures
    Services
    Videos
    Case Study
    White Papers
    Jobs
    Contract Service Directory Companies
    Baxter BioPharma Solutions

    Qosina

    Societal CDMO

    Biosynth Carbosynth

    Aphena Pharma Solutions
    Webinars
    Live From Shows
    • Magazine
      • Current / Back Issue
      • Features
      • Editorial
      • Columns
      • Editorial Guidelines
      • Subscribe Now
      • Advertise Now
      • Enewsletter Archive
      • Digital Edition
    • Directory
      • Companies
      • Categories
      • Corporate Capabilities
      • Add Your Company
    • Manufacturing
      • APIs
      • Aseptic Processing
      • Cleaning Validation
      • Clinical Trial Materials
      • Cytotoxics and High Potency Manufacturing
      • Equipment
      • Excipients
      • Extractables and Leachables
      • Facilities
      • Fill/Finish
      • Lyophilization
      • Parenterals
      • Process Development
      • Process Validation
      • Risk Management
      • Scale-up/ Technology Transfer
      • Solid Dosage/ Creams/ Ointments
      • cGMP Manufacture
    • Packaging
      • Capsules
      • Cold Chain Management
      • Injectables
      • Logistics
      • Serialization
      • Solid Dosage / Semi-solids
      • Supply Chain
      • Vials
    • Development
      • Analytical Services
      • Bioanalytical Services
      • Bioassay Developement
      • Biologics, Proteins, Vaccines
      • Biosimilars
      • Chemistry
      • Clinical Trials
      • Drug Delivery
      • Drug Development
      • Drug Discovery
      • Formulation Development
      • Information Technology
      • Laboratory Testing
      • Methods Development
      • Microbiology
      • Preclinical Outsourcing
      • R&D
      • Toxicology
    • Compliance
      • Filtration & Purification
      • GMPs/GCPs
      • Inspections
      • QA/QC
      • Regulatory Affairs
      • Validation
    • Top 25 Pharma & BioPharma
    • Contract Pharma Direct
    • Breaking News
    • Online Exclusives
    • Slideshows
    • Experts Opinions
    • Surveys
      • Outsourcing Survey
      • Salary Survey
    • Glossary
    • Videos
    • White Papers
    • Podcasts
    • Infographics
    • Supplier Microsite
      • Companies
      • News Releases
      • Posters
      • Brochures
      • Services
      • Videos
      • Case Study
      • White Papers
    • Contract Pharma Conference
      • Contract Pharma Conference
      • Speakers
      • Exhibitors
      • Conference Sessions
    • eBook
    • Webinars
    • Events
      • Industry Events
      • Live from Show Events
      • Webinars
    • Classifieds / Job Bank
      • Classifieds
      • Job Bank
    • About Us
      • About Us
      • Contact Us
      • Advertise With Us
      • Privacy Policy
      • Terms of Use
    Features

    Reality and Un-Reality: Continuous Processing in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

    ...

    Reality and Un-Reality:  Continuous Processing in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
    Related CONTENT
    • Jubilant HollisterStier
    • Lonza Further Invests in Drug Product Manufacturing Capabilities
    • First Patient is Dosed with Triumvira's Investigational TAC-T Cell Adoptive Immunotherapy
    • Naobios to Manufacture FluGen’s M2SR Flu Vax Candidate
    • CuriRx Launches CuriLytics Platform for Biotherapeutic Development
    Girish Malhotra, President, EPCOT International04.03.17
    Introspection into what we do, think and create has value. It allows us to do things differently and in better ways. If we step outside the box, past experiences facilitate continuous improvement and allow for innovation to take place.

    Strangely, the pharmaceutical manufacturing process domain has many acronyms that can make us, at least to me, wonder what are the realities of the landscape. All of these acronyms have made me question what is real vs. unreal. In this article I would like to share my perspective on these acronyms and their influence. Many times these acronyms are like a fashion statement. They can make simple things seem complex. If by using acronyms are we hiding behind our fears of not having command of processes? I wonder.

    I am sure many glorified acronyms can be and have been created for simple mundane things. Just for discussion I will create a new acronym: Life Extension Product (LEP) for a simple necessity called FOOD. Governments have many such acronyms. I would not be surprised if a completely meaningless sentence could be written with many acronyms that only a handful of government employees will actually understand, no pun intended. 

    I would like to review three acronyms—two old and one new—used in Pharma today that to me are purely engineering/science and economics-based, are rational, but give the impression of complexity and sophistication. I am sure some may object to my interpretation and simplification/rationalization. However, sometimes, as said earlier, self-examination of things has value and simplifies life. 

    PAT
    PAT stands for “process analytical technologies.”1 Chemists and chemical engineers are taught and very well know that if they do not have command of the designed process, the produced product will not have the same quality from every batch, if batch process is the process of choice. Total command of the executed process is expected. Each process has to have the same footprint no matter when and who produces the product. It is well known that lack of first time quality is expensive.

    While the progress of intermediates and final product as they travel the reactive or formulation process, are tracked using various process controls and analytical methods that have become more sophisticated and accurate with time; the fundamental premise has not changed in more than 80 years. Incorporation of statistical methods started in the 60s and their use has progressed over time. Again, chemists and chemical engineers are taught and suggested their use in the process development and design.

    My point is that routine methods and criterions that are necessary in every process to produce quality product have just been given a fancy name: PAT. Its use is just camouflaging something simple with more complexity, creating the illusion that it is the necessary magic that will produce quality. Many still struggle to understand and incorporate these expectations in their process designs.

    QbD
    QbD stands for “quality by design” and like PAT is another FDA acronym. Chemists and chemical engineers are expected to design processes that will produce quality from the get go and should not be told to do so. Anything short generally will result in economic disaster as monies and time are expended to bring off-spec product to quality or disposal unless associated costs are passed on to the customers. Repeated product testing to achieve quality is expensive [=QbA, Quality by Analysis] and impacts the whole business process. I call it “quality by aggravation.”2

    Manufacturing processes
    Generally batch or continuous processes are used in the manufacture of most products. Their process designs follow their protocol and their design is justified on the basis of the product need. Pharmaceuticals—active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and their formulations—are mostly produced using batch processes.

    Pharmaceutical APIs are fine/specialty chemicals that have a disease curing value and are produced via a chemical reaction or a biochemical process. From the beginning of organic chemistry, organic chemicals have been produced using batch processes. A very pertinent question needs asking, “Why batch?” The answer to this is simple. Such processes are the easiest to practice in the laboratory while being the simplest to understand and commercialize to produce the needed product.

    An important fact, the needed product volume, cannot be overlooked. Small quantities of active ingredients—generally milligrams—are needed by patients. Until the patient-use threshold increases above a certain volume3 “continuous manufacturing” should never be a consideration for the manufacture of APIs. Campaigns of exact similar chemistry products could be an exception but require strategic review. 

    Except for few handfuls of active ingredients (e.g. acetyl salicylic acid, aka Aspirin; isobutyl-phenyl-propionic acid, aka Advil/Motrin; or N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, aka Tylenol) not many APIs were, or are produced the 24 hours per day seven days per week, 50 weeks per year, which are the requirements for a “continuous process.”4
    The production of APIs in multiple plants impacts the following business elements that in turn raise product cost:
    1. Asset utilization drops to as low as 50% or more;
    2. Manufacturing technologies are not optimum. Quality by Aggravation can be an operating norm. Conversion yields of such processes are not optimum. Significant effort and investment is required for safety and environmental compliance; and
    3. Supply chain and inventory turns compared to other businesses are extremely low, e.g. less than two. 
    The formulation of APIs in a dispensable dose is mostly done using batch processes. My conjecture is that this practice is based more on tradition than economics. The above outlined effects impact batch formulation processes and profitability. It is ironic that the equipment technologies used for formulations have been in existence for more than sixty years and are used for continuous formulations by the fine and specialty chemical industry but have been avoided for pharmaceutical formulations. 

    Pharma’s new buzz acronym
    Continuous manufacturing processes have been used in the fine and specialty chemical industry—pharma’s older cousin—for more than sixty years. Unit operations and processes used in these are also used in pharma’s chemical reactive and blending processes.

    Suddenly out of nowhere “continuous manufacturing” has become pharma’s latest buzzword because FDA has shown interest and started talking about it. A recent unsubstantiated claim has been made regarding the continuous manufacture for a drug5 that has extremely limited demand and can only be economically produced using batch process. Such claims defy engineering and business logic.

    It is ironic that many of the continuous manufacturing accepting naysayers have now joined in the chorus, singing its virtues as the new “to be and to do” technology. Some publications and conferences that dreaded the words continuous manufacturing have suddenly embraced it to impress everyone. Thus our new acronym “CM” is born. I am not sure if the economics and reality of the process is really understood. Process technology and economics need to be answered and addressed6 for the plants that can produce an API continuously or formulate it continuously.

    As I suggested earlier that very few APIs—probably less than 10—can be produced using a continuous process. There are many drugs that can be formulated continuously but require justification and an absolute command of the process.

    Fundamentals of chemistry, chemical engineering and process controls have to apply and work more than 100% for the success of continuous processes. Technologies—blending, controlled mass-feeders, etc.—have to be tested and precisely married to deliver formulated products that are “spot on” quality specs day in and day out. Feedback process controls that have been designed, developed and used for more than 60 years have to be tested for each product. Mid-course correction in blending and tableting operations impact product specs and performance and have to be precise and understood.

    Up and down side of technologies
    Again, for continuous processes to succeed there has to be complete and repeatable command of every process condition, unit operation, and operating parameter that influences product quality. If done so, in due time acronyms like PAT and QbD would disappear from pharma’s formulation vocabulary.

    Most of the discussion related to pharmaceutical manufacturing centers around formulations. API manufacturing is ignored and I feel it is considered a necessary orphan that just happens to be an intruder in the landscape. We have to recognize that without an API we do not have a drug.

    For a continuous formulation process supply of consistent quality raw materials to operate the process producing the same drug, about 7,000 hours per year is a must. If the operating equipment producing a single drug/dose is idle more than 40% of the 8,400 hours available per year, then the operation is similar to the current batch business model. Actually the investment could be considered a waste.

    Any operation that is producing more than 60% of the global API need would have much better technology giving it a cost and quality advantage. In some cases, a continuous process could produce it. API consolidation would be necessary.

    Since every kilo of API produces a million tablets of milligram doses each, generally formulation plants will have to operate more hours relative to the API plant. A properly and strategically designed continuous plant could fulfill the need and eliminate the need for many contract formulation plants producing the same drug. Basically, when all is said and done, efficient and properly designed continuous API and formulation plants will result in the consolidation of a significant number of operations. 

    Conclusion
    My reasons and rationale for putting all of the above on paper is not no discredit or challenge anyone’s knowledge and desire to embrace the best available technologies that will enhance profits, improve revenues and make drugs affordable to billions. I just want to share my perspective of the up and downside of the technologies we can practice in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Investment justifications for technologies we use or will use are a must. Blind faith equals financial waste. Adoption of a technology that might be good for a certain product does not mean that it will be good across the landscape.

    Continuous manufacturing does not fit every hand. It has to be custom fitted. It is not a fashion that is economical and suits everyone’s needs. Before we all start touting the values and benefits of continuous manufacturing, of which there are many, every pencil needs to be sharpened. Every “t” crossed and “i” dotted will show the value (e.g. high inventory turns with high asset utilization) but also show the downside and the challenges, especially for the batch formulation operations. There are bold opportunities ahead and if adopted will alter the current pharma manufacturing landscape. The faint hearted will have to consider how to manage and survive in this altered playing field. 

    References
    1. Process analytical technology, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_analytical_technology Accessed March 6, 2017
    2. Malhotra, Girish: Quality By Aggravation or Quality By Desire? http://www.pharmpro.com/blog/2010/03/quality-aggravation-or-quality-desire Accessed March 7, 2017
    3. Malhotra, Girish: A Blueprint for Improved Pharma Competitiveness, Contract Pharma, September 1, 2014.
    4. Continuous production, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_production, Accessed March 7, 2017
    5. Malhotra, Girish: Continuous Pharmaceutical Processes and Their Demands, Contract Pharma, April 5, 2016 
    6. Malhotra, Girish: Manufacturing Processes Require Financial Justification, Contract Pharma, September 9, 2016

    Girish Malhotra, president and founder of EPCOT International, has more than 45 years of industrial experience in pharmaceuticals, specialty, custom, fine chemicals, coatings, resins and polymers, additives in manufacturing, process and technology development and business development. girish@epcotint.com; Tel: 216-223-8763.
    Related Searches
    • Manufacturing
    • Testing
    • formulation
    • API
    Suggested For You
    Jubilant HollisterStier Jubilant HollisterStier
    Lonza Further Invests in Drug Product Manufacturing Capabilities Lonza Further Invests in Drug Product Manufacturing Capabilities
    First Patient is Dosed with Triumvira First Patient is Dosed with Triumvira's Investigational TAC-T Cell Adoptive Immunotherapy
    Naobios to Manufacture FluGen’s M2SR Flu Vax Candidate  Naobios to Manufacture FluGen’s M2SR Flu Vax Candidate
    CuriRx Launches CuriLytics Platform for Biotherapeutic Development CuriRx Launches CuriLytics Platform for Biotherapeutic Development
    Thermo Fisher Launches Gibco AAV Production System Thermo Fisher Launches Gibco AAV Production System
    Rentschler Biopharma Appoints Dr. Christian Schetter as Chief Scientific Officer Rentschler Biopharma Appoints Dr. Christian Schetter as Chief Scientific Officer
    Everest Medicines, Sinovent, SinoMab Enter Global BTK Inhibitor Mfg. Pact Everest Medicines, Sinovent, SinoMab Enter Global BTK Inhibitor Mfg. Pact
    Tevogen Completes Tech Transfer to CDMO BioCentriq Tevogen Completes Tech Transfer to CDMO BioCentriq
    CEO Spotlight: Gaston Salinas, Botanical Solution Inc. CEO Spotlight: Gaston Salinas, Botanical Solution Inc.
    Eliminating Endotoxins – Reagent Quality Testing for Cell and Gene Therapies Eliminating Endotoxins – Reagent Quality Testing for Cell and Gene Therapies
    Emergent BioSolutions, Providence Therapeutics Enter Vaccine Manufacturing Partnership Emergent BioSolutions, Providence Therapeutics Enter Vaccine Manufacturing Partnership
    AGC Biologics Expands pDNA and mRNA Manufacturing Capacity AGC Biologics Expands pDNA and mRNA Manufacturing Capacity
    UK Govt. Terminates Valneva COVID Vax Agreement UK Govt. Terminates Valneva COVID Vax Agreement
    COVID Booster Vaccines: What’s Next for FDA COVID Booster Vaccines: What’s Next for FDA

    Related Content

    • Jubilant HollisterStier

      Jubilant HollisterStier

      Jubilant HollisterStier is an integrated contract manufacturer of sterile injectables, ophthalmics, otics and sterile and non-sterile topicals and liquids.
      04.22.22

    • Biologics, Proteins, Vaccines | Breaking News | cGMP Manufacture | Industry News
      Lonza Further Invests in Drug Product Manufacturing Capabilities

      Lonza Further Invests in Drug Product Manufacturing Capabilities

      New filling line to process various modalities, including monoclonal antibodies, bioconjugates, viral vectors, and other gene therapy products.
      09.22.21

    • Breaking News | Clinical Trials
      First Patient is Dosed with Triumvira

      First Patient is Dosed with Triumvira's Investigational TAC-T Cell Adoptive Immunotherapy

      TAC01-HER2 was developed for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing cancers.
      09.21.21


    • Biologics, Proteins, Vaccines | Breaking News | cGMP Manufacture | Clinical Trial Materials | Industry News
      Naobios to Manufacture FluGen’s M2SR Flu Vax Candidate

      Naobios to Manufacture FluGen’s M2SR Flu Vax Candidate

      Will initiate the GMP manufacturing of the clinical batches of FluGen’s M2SR influenza vaccine candidate for upcoming clinical trials.
      09.21.21

    • Biologics, Proteins, Vaccines | Breaking News | Drug Development | Industry News
      CuriRx Launches CuriLytics Platform for Biotherapeutic Development

      CuriRx Launches CuriLytics Platform for Biotherapeutic Development

      To provide CMC analytical services to support complex biotherapeutic development using high resolution mass spectrometry.
      09.21.21

      Loading, Please Wait..
      Trending
      • Pierre Fabre And Lonza Enter Manufacturing Agreement
      • 17th Annual Contracting & Outsourcing Conference Photos
      • Machine Learning-based Predictive Modeling: Notable Uses In Clinical Trials
      • LabVantage Solutions Adds Mixed Reality Technology to Its Advanced LIMS Platform
      • MilliporeSigma Opens $65M CDMO Facility For Cancer Therapies
      Breaking News
      • Ixaka & Minaris Sign Tech Transfer & GMP Manufacturing Agreement for Cell Therapy Candidate
      • Pfizer, BioNTech Adapt COVID Vax Against Omicron
      • CoreRx Expands Capabilities
      • Qosina Strengthens Aseptic Capabilities
      • Charles River and Ziphius Vaccines to Manufacture saRNA-based Vaccine
      View Breaking News >
      CURRENT ISSUE

      June 2022

      • Newsmakers: Darren Shirley
      • Are You Prepared for the 2023 DSCSA Deadline?
      • Rethinking the Changing Role of the CRO
      • 23rd Annual Salary Survey
      • Pharma 4.0 and the Modernizing Power of Digital Technology Transfer
      • CEO Spotlight: David Chang
      • Changes are on the Horizon for Single-use Systems in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
      • CRO Industry Market Report

      Cookies help us to provide you with an excellent service. By using our website, you declare yourself in agreement with our use of cookies.
      You can obtain detailed information about the use of cookies on our website by clicking on "More information”.

      • About Us
      • Privacy Policy
      • Terms And Conditions
      • Contact Us

      follow us

      Subscribe
      Nutraceuticals World

      Latest Breaking News From Nutraceuticals World

      Japanese Mushroom Extract Appears Helpful in HPV Infections
      Fi & Hi Europe Returns with Over 20,000 Global Attendees Expected
      United Plant Savers Launches First Film Festival
      Coatings World

      Latest Breaking News From Coatings World

      H.M. Royal Becomes Exclusive OCSiAl Distributor
      American Colors to Expand Sandusky, Ohio Facility
      Vaughn O’Dea Named Director of Epoxytec
      Medical Product Outsourcing

      Latest Breaking News From Medical Product Outsourcing

      Accelmed Partners II, Lauxera Capital Partners Invest in Veranex
      Agnes Lee Named SVP of Investor Relations, Strategic Planning at Inogen
      Dr. Brandee Pappalardo Joins Fresenius Kabi as Chief Medical Officer
      Contract Pharma

      Latest Breaking News From Contract Pharma

      Ixaka & Minaris Sign Tech Transfer & GMP Manufacturing Agreement for Cell Therapy Candidate
      Pfizer, BioNTech Adapt COVID Vax Against Omicron
      CoreRx Expands Capabilities
      Beauty Packaging

      Latest Breaking News From Beauty Packaging

      Top 5 Beauty Tech Trends at Perfect Corp.'s Global Forum
      John Frieda Supports the LGBTQIA+ Community
      Athena Club Launches in Canada
      Happi

      Latest Breaking News From Happi

      Past Henkel Exec Christian Chopra Named President of Scotch Porter
      Color Street Celebrates Foster, Adoption Awareness with Limited-Edition Print
      CIR Panel Conducts 161st Meeting Regarding Safety Assessments for Cosmetic Ingredients
      Ink World

      Latest Breaking News From Ink World

      Dr. Tammo Boinowitz to Join Management Board of ALTANA AG
      Flint Offset Packaging Solutions Announces Price Increases for Sheetfed Inks
      Weekly Recap: INX’s VC Fund, Screen Industry and Ball Top This Week’s News
      Label & Narrow Web

      Latest Breaking News From Label & Narrow Web

      Harveer Sahni recognized with Global Achievement Award
      Color-Logic partners with Taktiful 
      ALTANA announces Management Board change
      Nonwovens Industry

      Latest Breaking News From Nonwovens Industry

      Fibertex Personal Care Awarded EcoVadis Awards for Sustainability
      Yanpai Orders Batt Forming Equipment for Needlepunch Line
      Weekly Recap: SWM and Neenah Introduce Mativ Inc., Avgol honored for Biotransformation Technology & More
      Orthopedic Design & Technology

      Latest Breaking News From Orthopedic Design & Technology

      Researchers Discover Novel Patching Material for Bone Defects
      Boston Centerless Opens Second Manufacturing Plant in Indiana
      Researchers Develop Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Smart Metamaterial Implants
      Printed Electronics Now

      Latest Breaking News From Printed Electronics Now

      Identiv-Powered CVS Spoken Rx Wins NFC Forum 2022 Innovation Award
      LG Display Announces Winners of This Year’s OLEDs GO! Competition
      Weekly Recap: eMagin, Applied Materials, and Schott Top This Week’s Stories

      Copyright © 2022 Rodman Media. All rights reserved. Use of this constitutes acceptance of our privacy policy The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Rodman Media.

      AD BLOCKER DETECTED

      Our website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors.
      Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker.


      FREE SUBSCRIPTION Already a subscriber? Login