• Login
    • Join
  • FOLLOW:
  • Subscribe Free
    • Magazine
    • eNewsletter
    Checkout
    • Magazine
    • News
    • Manufacturing
    • Packaging
    • Development
    • Compliance
    • Top 25
    • Directory
    • Microsites
    • Events
    • More
  • Magazine
  • News
  • Manufacturing
  • Packaging
  • Development
  • Compliance
  • Top 25
  • Directory
  • Microsites
  • Events
  • Current / Back Issue
    Features
    Editorial
    Columns
    Digital Edition
    eNewsletter Archive
    Our Team
    Editorial Guidelines
    Subscribe Now
    Advertise Now
    Top Features
    Small Innovators & Niche CROs

    Focus on Science

    Rapid and Data Rich Chromatographic Method Development

    Preparing Your Post Pandemic Talent Strategy

    How Modern Near-Infrared Came to Be
    Breaking News
    Online Exclusives
    Industry News
    Collaborations & Alliances
    Promotions & Moves
    Trials & Filings
    Financial Reports
    Bio News & Views
    Custom Sourcing News
    Packaging & Tracking
    CRO News
    Live From Shows
    Top News
    Catalent Biologics Completes Madison Expansion

    Lonza Expands PyroTec PRO for Endotoxin Testing

    FDA Accepts Airway Therapeutics’ IND for COVID Treatment

    Sanofi Invests in Cutting Edge Vax Production Site in Singapore

    Lilly Modifies Purchase Agreement with U.S. for COVID Therapies
    APIs
    Aseptic Processing
    Cleaning Validation
    Clinical Trial Materials
    Cytotoxics and High Potency Manufacturing
    Equipment
    Excipients
    Extractables and Leachables
    Facilities
    Fill/Finish
    Lyophilization
    Parenterals
    Process Development
    Process Validation
    Risk Management
    Scale-up/ Technology Transfer
    Solid Dosage/ Creams/ Ointments

    Catalent Biologics Completes Madison Expansion

    Bora Pharmaceuticals Adds Roller Compaction Capabilities

    Ascendia Pharmaceuticals Poised for Expansion

    Alkermes, Merck Enter Clinical Trial and Supply Agreement

    Sterling Pharma Solutions Acquires ADC Biotechnology
    Capsules
    Cold Chain Management
    Injectables
    Logistics
    Serialization
    Solid Dosage / Semi-solids
    Supply Chain
    Vials

    Cryoport Acquires Critical Transport Solutions Australia

    PharmParts – This Makes Sense!

    Securing Your API Supply Chain: Three Keys to Success

    Enteris BioPharma: Custom Solutions – From Bench to Market

    The Benefits of Outsourcing Cold Storage
    Analytical Services
    Bioanalytical Services
    Bioassay Developement
    Biologics, Proteins, Vaccines
    Biosimilars
    Chemistry
    Clinical Trials
    Drug Delivery
    Drug Development
    Drug Discovery
    Formulation Development
    Information Technology
    Laboratory Testing
    Methods Development
    Microbiology
    Preclinical Outsourcing
    R&D
    Toxicology

    Catalent Biologics Completes Madison Expansion

    Lonza Expands PyroTec PRO for Endotoxin Testing

    FDA Accepts Airway Therapeutics’ IND for COVID Treatment

    Sanofi Invests in Cutting Edge Vax Production Site in Singapore

    Digitalization and the Future of Formulating in Modern R&D Labs
    Filtration & Purification
    GMPs/GCPs
    Inspections
    QA/QC
    Regulatory Affairs
    Validation

    What Will Change at FDA for 2021?

    RBQM Comes of Age: COVID as a Catalyst for Change

    Post-Pandemic Regulations

    Enteris BioPharma: Custom Solutions – From Bench to Market

    Metrics Contract Services Completes Russian Regulatory Inspection
    Companies
    Categories
    Corporate Capabilities
    Add New Company
    Contract Service Directory Companies
    Adare Pharma Solutions

    Almac Group

    Syngene

    Emergent BioSolutions

    Reed-Lane
    Companies
    News Releases
    Posters
    Brochures
    Services
    Videos
    Case Study
    White Papers
    Jobs
    Contract Service Directory Companies
    Reed-Lane

    Emergent BioSolutions

    PCI Pharma Services

    Aphena Pharma Solutions

    Syngene
    Webinars
    Live From Shows
    • Magazine
      • Current / Back Issue
      • Features
      • Editorial
      • Columns
      • Editorial Guidelines
      • Subscribe Now
      • Advertise Now
      • Enewsletter Archive
      • Digital Edition
    • Directory
      • Companies
      • Categories
      • Corporate Capabilities
      • Add Your Company
    • Manufacturing
      • APIs
      • Aseptic Processing
      • Cleaning Validation
      • Clinical Trial Materials
      • Cytotoxics and High Potency Manufacturing
      • Equipment
      • Excipients
      • Extractables and Leachables
      • Facilities
      • Fill/Finish
      • Lyophilization
      • Parenterals
      • Process Development
      • Process Validation
      • Risk Management
      • Scale-up/ Technology Transfer
      • Solid Dosage/ Creams/ Ointments
      • cGMP Manufacture
    • Packaging
      • Capsules
      • Cold Chain Management
      • Injectables
      • Logistics
      • Serialization
      • Solid Dosage / Semi-solids
      • Supply Chain
      • Vials
    • Development
      • Analytical Services
      • Bioanalytical Services
      • Bioassay Developement
      • Biologics, Proteins, Vaccines
      • Biosimilars
      • Chemistry
      • Clinical Trials
      • Drug Delivery
      • Drug Development
      • Drug Discovery
      • Formulation Development
      • Information Technology
      • Laboratory Testing
      • Methods Development
      • Microbiology
      • Preclinical Outsourcing
      • R&D
      • Toxicology
    • Compliance
      • Filtration & Purification
      • GMPs/GCPs
      • Inspections
      • QA/QC
      • Regulatory Affairs
      • Validation
    • Top 25 Pharma & BioPharma
    • Contract Pharma Direct
    • Breaking News
    • Online Exclusives
    • Slideshows
    • Experts Opinions
    • Surveys
      • Outsourcing Survey
      • Salary Survey
    • Glossary
    • Videos
    • Podcasts
    • White Papers
    • Infographics
    • Contract Pharma Conference
      • Contract Pharma Conference
      • Speakers
      • Exhibitors
      • Conference Sessions
    • Supplier Microsite
      • Companies
      • News Releases
      • Posters
      • Brochures
      • Services
      • Videos
      • Case Study
      • White Papers
    • eBook
    • Webinars
    • Events
      • Industry Events
      • Live from Show Events
      • Webinars
    • Classifieds / Job Bank
      • Classifieds
      • Job Bank
    • About Us
      • About Us
      • Contact Us
      • Advertise With Us
      • Privacy Policy
      • Terms of Use
    Columns

    The Great Diaspora of the Pharma Industry

    Or, good things come in small(er) packages

    The Great Diaspora of the Pharma Industry
    Related CONTENT
    • Ascendia Pharmaceuticals Poised for Expansion
    • Recro Pharma Expands Business Development Team
    • The Ever-Evolving World of Combination Products
    • GRAM Attains EU GMP Certification for Commercial Aseptic Fill/Finish
    • Piramal Pharma Solutions, Plus Therapeutics Ink MSA 

    Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting11.14.18
    Over the past forty years, Pharma companies have become, via mergers, acquisitions, and internal growth, larger and larger, growing into multi-national behemoths. Many of the “environmental factors” that encouraged the rapid growth and large size of Pharma companies were unique to the time.

    First, there was the emergence of blockbuster drug products. For example, Cimetidine (Tagamet), for heartburn and stomach acid, was the first drug to generate over $1 billion a year in sales and, thus, has gone down in history as the first ever blockbuster drug. Such large sales not only allows companies to expand, but forces them to expand in order to keep up with demand.

    Second, from the 1960s onwards, more and more companies began providing their employees with healthcare benefits, and Medicare was also instituted, sharply increasing the number of people with access to pharmaceutical products. This also increased the levels of income for Pharma companies, adding further incentives to expand the size and scope of operations.

    Third, drugs were allowed to be advertised on TV and radio, making all of us think we needed more and more drugs. Do NOT underestimate the effects of advertising on sales. Why else would Pharma spend millions of dollars on it each year!

    Is bigger better?
    Now, anyone working on producing products in a free-market society might think bigger is always better. That is true to a point. When you consider increasing your income/profit, yes, that is never a bad thing. However, there comes a point where operating expenses—property taxes, HVAC, salaries, employee benefits, maintenance—can become equal to or greater than the income generated. The closest parallel I can think of to give as an everyday example is buying too large a house in 2007 with a balloon mortgage.

    Since we are speaking of pharmaceuticals, using the analogy of addiction is apropos. The more income the industry generated—mostly through greater sales, but price increases helped—the bigger they needed to be; the larger they became, the more income they needed to generate to fund their organization.

    I had a front row seat to the early merger “fever” when I was working at Ciba and they merged with Geigy (1972). At the point of the merger’s completion, the new company (Ciba-Geigy) had at least two people at every position. Now, this wasn’t necessarily a bad thing in some departments, but an albatross in others.

    If you have melded all your product lines to a single manufacturing entity, you will need twice the hardware, facility space, and production staff, at least for a while in the short-term. Let’s look at this from a few angles.

    Quality control
    For the short-term, merging two quality control staffs and their facilities can be useful. However, the 1970s was the decade the FDA not only accepted, but began to prefer High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). [Note: prior to the mid-1970s, the FDA had a nasty habit of dismissing any NDA that used HPLC to release the product. They would suggest titration or TLC, instead.] You do not have to be an analytical chemist to recognize the throughput advantage of automated HPLC (and GLC) versus TLC and certainly titrations. Over-staffing always leads to attrition and lay-offs.

    R&D
    This can be broken into several sections:
    Basic research. There are some who follow the “no such thing as too much” research tenet. However, there have been many breakthroughs that originated in academic institutions. In fact, many of recent “blockbusters” have come from either universities or contract research organizations (CROs). The trend is towards leaner research staffs focused on fewer diseases. Or, those dedicated to discovering new “disorders” for existing drugs, in order to extend their patents, e.g., “restless foot syndrome.”

    Product development. This actually should be a “no-brainer.” An expanded company now has the luxury of twice the staff for developing new products, while downplaying (ignoring) the fact that the companies merged because each had fewer new products in the pipeline and needed help. Can you spell “redundancy?”

    Management/Sales/Human Resources
    Quickly breaking this down:
    Managers are, despite what most scientists might assert, necessary for an organization to function. However, after a M&A event, there are roughly twice as many managers as before for half the number of departments. Indeed, with a larger technical staff, a director can use at least one assistant director; and any manager can use one or two more group leaders, and so on. However, there will be attrition as they don’t need all the old managers.

    Salespeople, by their very nature sell whatever “widgets” they are given. Having interacted with them early in my career and being told I couldn’t apply because I “knew too much” and might tell a doctor more than the company wanted her/him to know about the products and side-effects. I realize they can easily expand their box of brochures to include the new product lines resulting from a merger. Thus, there could be a large downsizing—also called the politically correct “right-sizing”—of the sales force after a M&A with little loss of overall sales representation.

    Human resources, or, as we older dudes call them, “Personnel”) often benefit from an influx of new and different ideas from each company. Nonetheless, seldom does the new company need all the HR personnel, so attrition is inevitable. This reminds me of a funny story. After my first merger, the company announced that no one would get above a 2.5% raise, unless there was a “title-change.” That’s when Personnel decided to change to HR and, to avoid grade-level confusion, they ALL changed their titles, ensuring hefty wage increases.

    Facilities
    Big Pharma has begun simultaneously to downsize and outsource, because:
    Unfortunately, there are a number of drugs coming off patent protection, slowing, drastically in some cases, plant usage. This is leading to some older facilities being shuttered or sold off.

    Labor costs have made U.S. and EU production more expensive than in developing countries, making outsourcing of production more and more attractive. This, too, leads to closing sites and mothballing portions of others.

    As I mentioned in a previous column, orphan drugs, or drugs for specialized medicines, can tie up a production facility disproportionality to the number of lots produced, blocking access to production equipment for “true” blockbusters. The flip side here is that blockbuster production can “elbow out” smaller, less profitable products.
    More recently, as Pharma moves to QbD (fewer warehouses) and continuous manufacturing (smaller production footprint), they are downsizing their “brick and mortar” facilities. This accommodates their current and near future needs, but limits any swell in production needs, leading to CMO partners being necessary on short notice.

    Silver lining?
    Almost all economic news contains both good and bad points. Where a large, recently expanded, Pharma company may see “too much staff,” a generic or CMO or CRO may well see “available, experienced staff,” suddenly available. Where a Pharma company, undergoing downsizing (sorry, “right-sizing”), might see facilities as “excess,” a CMO might see them as “move-in ready” production sites.

    Not trying to simplify the situation—it is not a zero-sum equation—not all discarded venues will be snapped up by CMOs and CROs for a number of reasons:
    1. The site may well be closing because it is too old to rejuvenate. Some of these sites are over 50 years old.
    2. While it sounds cold, and I can name a few, the site may be located in an area where the salary levels are high due to the area or unions or whatever. This makes it less attractive to a smaller-margin company (CMO, generic) for economic reasons.
    3. In the time required to clear an old site of worn out, tired equipment and rebuild and outfit it to 21st century standards, a new facility could be built faster and cheaper, in most cases.
    4. If the Pharma company you wish to service is switching from GMP (traditional, batch-made) manufacturing by QbD or even continuous manufacturing (CM), you will need to model your newer, smaller facility differently from “traditional” plants. Traditional simply means lots and lots of warehouse space to store incoming raw materials and intermediate materials and production space, geared to GMP batch processes. QbD and CM production modes require far less warehousing since you can institute “just-in-time” deliveries of raw materials and need not store process intermediates, waiting for equipment to be opened and assays to be completed.
    Coming back to the non-zero-sum equation, generics and CMOs will not need the space or personnel required for traditional manufacturing. If the initiator and proprietary companies are moving to modern process control (PAT/QbD, CM), the products they are outsourcing will need to be produced in a similar manner. The total square footage of the combined facilities will shrink despite the increased volume of drug products made—the population of Western/developed countries is both growing and aging, while developing countries are increasingly gaining access to modern healthcare—so no matter what the CMOs and generics do, there will be fewer and smaller sites for the foreseeable future.

    If the industry is smart (fingers crossed), there will be better cooperation between sponsors/clients and their contract partners. There is a movement in developed countries to force lower prices on drugs, while developing countries are a long way from being able to afford prices charged, for example, in the U.S. Both the price and quality of drug products will be closely watched by governmental agencies and eventual clients (hospitals, wholesalers) as we progress into the century.

    In short, it will behoove ALL manufacturers to shrink, while getting a better handle on how to make better, higher quality products.


    Emil W. Ciurczak
    DoraMaxx Consulting

    Emil W. Ciurczak has worked in the pharmaceutical industry since 1970 for companies that include Ciba-Geigy, Sandoz, Berlex, Merck, and Purdue Pharma, where he specialized in performing method development on most types of analytical equipment. In 1983, he introduced NIR spectroscopy to pharmaceutical applications, and is generally credited as one of the first to use process analytical technologies (PAT) in drug manufacturing and development.
    Related Searches
    • production
    • continuous manufacturing
    • Manufacturing
    • generics
    Suggested For You
    Ascendia Pharmaceuticals Poised for Expansion Ascendia Pharmaceuticals Poised for Expansion
    Recro Pharma Expands Business Development Team Recro Pharma Expands Business Development Team
    The Ever-Evolving World of Combination Products The Ever-Evolving World of Combination Products
    GRAM Attains EU GMP Certification for Commercial Aseptic Fill/Finish GRAM Attains EU GMP Certification for Commercial Aseptic Fill/Finish
    Piramal Pharma Solutions, Plus Therapeutics Ink MSA 
 Piramal Pharma Solutions, Plus Therapeutics Ink MSA 

    Plus Therapeutics, Piramal Ink Master Services Agreement Plus Therapeutics, Piramal Ink Master Services Agreement
    WDSRX Establishes National 3PL Presence WDSRX Establishes National 3PL Presence
    Outsourcing Solid Dosage Manufacturing Outsourcing Solid Dosage Manufacturing
    Vetter Establishes Office in China Vetter Establishes Office in China
    Injectable Drug Delivery Trends Injectable Drug Delivery Trends
    Cyprium, Sentynl Therapeutics Ink Asset Purchase Agreement  Cyprium, Sentynl Therapeutics Ink Asset Purchase Agreement
    Application of ICP-OES/ICP-MS in Pharmaceutical Analysis Application of ICP-OES/ICP-MS in Pharmaceutical Analysis
    CDMO Recro Strengthens Leadership Team CDMO Recro Strengthens Leadership Team
    Evonik Strengthens Partnership with BioNTech on COVID-19 Vaccine Evonik Strengthens Partnership with BioNTech on COVID-19 Vaccine
    The Future of Vaccines and Biologics The Future of Vaccines and Biologics

    Related Columns

    • Chemistry | Laboratory Testing
      Back to the Future

      Back to the Future

      All that’s Old is New Again.
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 03.01.21

    • Analytical Services
      What Happens When the All-Clear Signal is Given?

      What Happens When the All-Clear Signal is Given?

      Maybe 3M had some good ideas?
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 06.04.20

    • Analytical Services | Laboratory Testing
      The Supply Chain, as Developed by IKEA (some assembly required)

      The Supply Chain, as Developed by IKEA (some assembly required)

      Pick One from Column A, Two from Column B, etc.
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 03.04.20


    • Analytical Services | Laboratory Testing
      Re-Open Your Tool Chest

      Re-Open Your Tool Chest

      There’s no longer an excuse NOT to start “PAT-ing” your products
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 07.15.19

    • Analytical Services | Laboratory Testing
      Solid Dose Manufacturing: It’s Time to Trade-in Your 1952 Studebaker

      Solid Dose Manufacturing: It’s Time to Trade-in Your 1952 Studebaker

      Making a solid case for PAT, QbD and continuous manufacturing in the pharma industry
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 03.06.19

    • Analytical Services | Laboratory Testing
      Possibly Time for a New Paradigm

      Possibly Time for a New Paradigm

      Or, why the chicken should cross the road
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 10.10.18


    • Analytical Services | Laboratory Testing
      The Times, They Are a-Changin’

      The Times, They Are a-Changin’

      For contract organizations and generics, for sure
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 07.20.18

    • Analytical Services | Bioanalytical Services | Laboratory Testing
      The Final Frontier

      The Final Frontier

      A look at contract bioprocessing and PAT/QbD
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 06.12.18

    • Analytical Services | Laboratory Testing
      We Need to Get Back to Basics

      We Need to Get Back to Basics

      In life, and the lab, the calculator/computer is a blessing and a curse!
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 05.08.18


    • Chemistry | Laboratory Testing
      When Your Product is Neither a Liquid or a Solid

      When Your Product is Neither a Liquid or a Solid

      And you need to analyze/control it, in real time.
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 01.30.18

    • Analytical Services
      Finding the “Missing Link”

      Finding the “Missing Link”

      Outsourcing and the supply chain
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 10.11.17

    • Analytical Services | Laboratory Testing
      Analytical Equipment Technology for the 21st Century

      Analytical Equipment Technology for the 21st Century

      A look at some more toys available for CMOs, CROs and generics to boost their analytical capabilities
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 05.09.17


    • Analytical Services
      Quality Risk Management

      Quality Risk Management

      It’s not just for the big guys anymore
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 04.03.17

    • Analytical Services | R&D
      Trends in Pharma Analysis

      Trends in Pharma Analysis

      A look at how pharma analysis technology continues to evolve to meet market needs
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 03.07.17

    • Analytical Services | Drug Development | Laboratory Testing

      Orphan Drug Development & Production: Turning Lemons into Lemonade

      Forming a “win-win-win” paradigm for large pharma companies, contract service providers and generics
      Emil W. Ciurczak, DoraMaxx Consulting 01.26.17

    Trending
    • Astellas, Affinivax In Global MAPS Vax Pact
    • Ascendia Pharmaceuticals Poised For Expansion
    • Sanofi To Build New $700M Flu Vaccine Facility In Canada
    • Catalent Biologics Completes Madison Expansion
    • ANI Acquires Branded Products Portfolio From Sandoz
    Breaking News
    • Catalent Biologics Completes Madison Expansion
    • Lonza Expands PyroTec PRO for Endotoxin Testing
    • FDA Accepts Airway Therapeutics’ IND for COVID Treatment
    • Sanofi Invests in Cutting Edge Vax Production Site in Singapore
    • Lilly Modifies Purchase Agreement with U.S. for COVID Therapies
    View Breaking News >
    CURRENT ISSUE

    April 2021

    • Small Innovators & Niche CROs
    • Focus on Science
    • Rapid and Data Rich Chromatographic Method Development
    • Preparing Your Post Pandemic Talent Strategy
    • How Modern Near-Infrared Came to Be
    • Securing Your API Supply Chain: Three Keys to Success
    • View More >

    Cookies help us to provide you with an excellent service. By using our website, you declare yourself in agreement with our use of cookies.
    You can obtain detailed information about the use of cookies on our website by clicking on "More information”.

    • About Us
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms And Conditions
    • Contact Us

    follow us

    Subscribe
    Nutraceuticals World

    Latest Breaking News From Nutraceuticals World

    4-week Fish Oil Regimen Showed Significant Muscular Damage Protection in Recent Study
    Review Covers Role of Vitamin K2 in the ‘Calcium Paradox’
    KD Pharma Acquires Rohner AG Manufacturing Assets
    Coatings World

    Latest Breaking News From Coatings World

    Jebsen & Jessen, Innospec Sign Distribution Agreement
    Sika Expands Production Capacity in Qatar
    Sto Corp. ISO Certifications Extended
    Medical Product Outsourcing

    Latest Breaking News From Medical Product Outsourcing

    MICRO Expands with New Facility in Costa Rica
    DiaSorin to Buy Luminex for $1.8B
    Endologix Acquires PQ Bypass
    Contract Pharma

    Latest Breaking News From Contract Pharma

    Catalent Biologics Completes Madison Expansion
    Lonza Expands PyroTec PRO for Endotoxin Testing
    FDA Accepts Airway Therapeutics’ IND for COVID Treatment
    Beauty Packaging

    Latest Breaking News From Beauty Packaging

    Revieve Launches Skin Coach
    Carlyle Group Acquires Majority Stake in Beautycounter
    The Honest Co. Files for an Initial Public Offering
    Happi

    Latest Breaking News From Happi

    Babor Professional Skin Care Names McCaffrey as Vice President of Sales
    Diamond Chemical Appoints Technical Service Representative
    Carlyle To Acquire Majority Stake in Beautycounter
    Ink World

    Latest Breaking News From Ink World

    Kumon North America Adds Speedmaster XL 106 from Heidelberg
    SE-DA Invests in Kornit Presto S
    Iron Oxide Pigments Market to Register 4.7% CAGR from 2021 to 2028: GVR
    Label & Narrow Web

    Latest Breaking News From Label & Narrow Web

    Enprom helps converter respond to flexible packaging needs
    anytron assists medical device company with labeling
    Dantex debuts new capabilities with white ink opacity
    Nonwovens Industry

    Latest Breaking News From Nonwovens Industry

    Aries Face Masks Meet ASTM Standards
    Tufropes Launches Inherently Antibacterial and Antimicrobial Spunbond
    NXTNano Adding Three Lines
    Orthopedic Design & Technology

    Latest Breaking News From Orthopedic Design & Technology

    GreenBone Ortho Closes 10 Million Euros Series B Funding Round
    SynerFuse, Cirtec Medical Partner to Develop Back Pain Management Device
    New Biosealant Could Stabilize Cartilage, Boost Healing After Injury
    Printed Electronics Now

    Latest Breaking News From Printed Electronics Now

    Virtual ASMC 2021 Spotlights Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Excellence
    First Solar Series 6 CuRe has Industry’s Lowest Warranted Degradation Rate
    SEMI: 2020 Global Semiconductor Equipment Sales Surge 19% to Industry Record $71.2 Billion

    Copyright © 2021 Rodman Media. All rights reserved. Use of this constitutes acceptance of our privacy policy The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Rodman Media.

    AD BLOCKER DETECTED

    Our website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors.
    Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker.


    FREE SUBSCRIPTION Already a subscriber? Login