• Login
    • Join
  • FOLLOW:
  • Subscribe Free
    • Magazine
    • eNewsletter
    Checkout
    • Magazine
    • News
    • Manufacturing
    • Packaging
    • Development
    • Compliance
    • Top 25
    • Directory
    • Microsites
    • Events
    • More
  • Magazine
  • News
  • Manufacturing
  • Packaging
  • Development
  • Compliance
  • Top 25
  • Directory
  • Microsites
  • Events
  • Current / Back Issue
    Features
    Editorial
    Columns
    Digital Edition
    eNewsletter Archive
    Our Team
    Editorial Guidelines
    Subscribe Now
    Advertise Now
    Top Features
    Small Innovators & Niche CROs

    Focus on Science

    Rapid and Data Rich Chromatographic Method Development

    Preparing Your Post Pandemic Talent Strategy

    How Modern Near-Infrared Came to Be
    Breaking News
    Online Exclusives
    Industry News
    Collaborations & Alliances
    Promotions & Moves
    Trials & Filings
    Financial Reports
    Bio News & Views
    Custom Sourcing News
    Packaging & Tracking
    CRO News
    Live From Shows
    Top News
    Bristol Myers Squibb Expands at Cambridge Crossing

    Amgen Completes Five Prime Acquisition

    Sartorius Expands in the UK

    Obituary Notice: Russell “Russ” Haines

    Abenza Chooses North Carolina for New Biologics Manufacturing Site
    APIs
    Aseptic Processing
    Cleaning Validation
    Clinical Trial Materials
    Cytotoxics and High Potency Manufacturing
    Equipment
    Excipients
    Extractables and Leachables
    Facilities
    Fill/Finish
    Lyophilization
    Parenterals
    Process Development
    Process Validation
    Risk Management
    Scale-up/ Technology Transfer
    Solid Dosage/ Creams/ Ointments

    Abenza Chooses North Carolina for New Biologics Manufacturing Site

    Catalent Adds Cryogenic Capabilities at Philadelphia Facility

    Recro, Ensysce Expand Development and Manufacturing Partnership

    Metrics Names Stephanie Emory Associate Director of Pharma Development

    Albumedix Completes Commercial-Scale Mfg. Facility Expansion
    Capsules
    Cold Chain Management
    Injectables
    Logistics
    Serialization
    Solid Dosage / Semi-solids
    Supply Chain
    Vials

    Obituary Notice: Russell “Russ” Haines

    Catalent Adds Cryogenic Capabilities at Philadelphia Facility

    Cryoport Acquires Critical Transport Solutions Australia

    PharmParts – This Makes Sense!

    Securing Your API Supply Chain: Three Keys to Success
    Analytical Services
    Bioanalytical Services
    Bioassay Developement
    Biologics, Proteins, Vaccines
    Biosimilars
    Chemistry
    Clinical Trials
    Drug Delivery
    Drug Development
    Drug Discovery
    Formulation Development
    Information Technology
    Laboratory Testing
    Methods Development
    Microbiology
    Preclinical Outsourcing
    R&D
    Toxicology

    Bristol Myers Squibb Expands at Cambridge Crossing

    Amgen Completes Five Prime Acquisition

    Sartorius Expands in the UK

    Abenza Chooses North Carolina for New Biologics Manufacturing Site

    Arkema Recruits Dotmatics as its R&D Digitalization Partner
    Filtration & Purification
    GMPs/GCPs
    Inspections
    QA/QC
    Regulatory Affairs
    Validation

    Ensuring Pharma Manufacturing Quality

    What Will Change at FDA for 2021?

    RBQM Comes of Age: COVID as a Catalyst for Change

    Post-Pandemic Regulations

    Enteris BioPharma: Custom Solutions – From Bench to Market
    Companies
    Categories
    Corporate Capabilities
    Add New Company
    Contract Service Directory Companies
    Syngene

    Alcami

    Almac Group

    Baxter BioPharma Solutions

    Quotient Sciences
    Companies
    News Releases
    Posters
    Brochures
    Services
    Videos
    Case Study
    White Papers
    Jobs
    Contract Service Directory Companies
    Syngene

    Alcami

    Quotient Sciences

    Aphena Pharma Solutions

    PCI Pharma Services
    Webinars
    Live From Shows
    • Magazine
      • Current / Back Issue
      • Features
      • Editorial
      • Columns
      • Editorial Guidelines
      • Subscribe Now
      • Advertise Now
      • Enewsletter Archive
      • Digital Edition
    • Directory
      • Companies
      • Categories
      • Corporate Capabilities
      • Add Your Company
    • Manufacturing
      • APIs
      • Aseptic Processing
      • Cleaning Validation
      • Clinical Trial Materials
      • Cytotoxics and High Potency Manufacturing
      • Equipment
      • Excipients
      • Extractables and Leachables
      • Facilities
      • Fill/Finish
      • Lyophilization
      • Parenterals
      • Process Development
      • Process Validation
      • Risk Management
      • Scale-up/ Technology Transfer
      • Solid Dosage/ Creams/ Ointments
      • cGMP Manufacture
    • Packaging
      • Capsules
      • Cold Chain Management
      • Injectables
      • Logistics
      • Serialization
      • Solid Dosage / Semi-solids
      • Supply Chain
      • Vials
    • Development
      • Analytical Services
      • Bioanalytical Services
      • Bioassay Developement
      • Biologics, Proteins, Vaccines
      • Biosimilars
      • Chemistry
      • Clinical Trials
      • Drug Delivery
      • Drug Development
      • Drug Discovery
      • Formulation Development
      • Information Technology
      • Laboratory Testing
      • Methods Development
      • Microbiology
      • Preclinical Outsourcing
      • R&D
      • Toxicology
    • Compliance
      • Filtration & Purification
      • GMPs/GCPs
      • Inspections
      • QA/QC
      • Regulatory Affairs
      • Validation
    • Top 25 Pharma & BioPharma
    • Contract Pharma Direct
    • Breaking News
    • Online Exclusives
    • Slideshows
    • Experts Opinions
    • Surveys
      • Outsourcing Survey
      • Salary Survey
    • Glossary
    • Videos
    • Podcasts
    • White Papers
    • Infographics
    • Contract Pharma Conference
      • Contract Pharma Conference
      • Speakers
      • Exhibitors
      • Conference Sessions
    • Supplier Microsite
      • Companies
      • News Releases
      • Posters
      • Brochures
      • Services
      • Videos
      • Case Study
      • White Papers
    • eBook
    • Webinars
    • Events
      • Industry Events
      • Live from Show Events
      • Webinars
    • Classifieds / Job Bank
      • Classifieds
      • Job Bank
    • About Us
      • About Us
      • Contact Us
      • Advertise With Us
      • Privacy Policy
      • Terms of Use
    Features

    How Modern Near-Infrared Came to Be

    First region outside the visible to be discovered and last to be utilized.

    How Modern Near-Infrared Came to Be
    How Modern Near-Infrared Came to Be
    Figure 1. Analytical Method Triangle
    Gary E. Ritchie, Contributing Writer04.01.21
    Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy has become a mainstay in the pharmaceutical as well as most other industries as an analytical technique because of its rapid, non-destructive, and non-invasive sampling capabilities. With sufficient training in spectroscopy and Chemometrics, it is relatively easy to deploy at various points throughout the sample lifecycle for both qualitative and quantitative measurements.

    It was not always this way. Stories abound at the dawn of “modern” NIR in the 1970s of instruments purchased, people trained, samples obtained, and money allocated to fund ambitious projects using NIRS to solve problems quickly and cheaply—relative to a reference laboratory approach.

    Years later, these same instruments were mothballed, people lost their positions, and executives turned their nose up towards the technology because of these initial failed attempts at the outset. No doubt these initial failures were the result of educated scientists failing to do the first step of any new research: the literature search. If they had, they would have learned to appreciate and really understand the complexity and nuances of the NIR technique as compared to other spectroscopic modes.

    So that future analysts take heed of the philosopher George Santayana, who said, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it,” this article outlines and provides the critical elements gleaned from the history of NIR that should be paid attention to in order to be successful at applying the lessons learned from the past. 

    Because the pharmaceutical industry is regulated, all analytical techniques used for pharmaceutical analysis are required to comply with CGMPs (Current Good Manufacturing Practices) in the U.S. and with other regulations in other countries. “cGMP regulations for drugs contain minimum requirements for the methods, facilities, and controls used in manufacturing, processing, and packing of a drug product. These regulations assure that a product is safe for use and that it has the ingredients and strength it claims to have.”1 The cGMP and similar requirements for analytical methods developed from NIR are found in many guidances across the globe.2,3,4,5,6,7 Their differences vary only slightly and for the most part follow the basic validation approaches for analytical methods used for pharmaceutical drug substance and product development because they have been harmonized through the International Council for Harmonization (ICH).8

    NIR characteristics can be viewed as three legs of a triangle (Figure 1):
    1. Instrument Qualification
    2. Method Validation
    3. Sample Design of Experiment (DoE)

    Figure 1. Analytical Method Triangle

    A fourth component recognized is analyst knowledge—education qualification and training. Meeting the regulatory requirements for an analytical method requires that critical parameters for instrument and method performance be evaluated. Similarly, samples must be evaluated for their appropriate properties and response for NIRS measurements.

    But, what was done prior to these ubiquitous standards to show that NIR measurements were valid? The historical record documenting the discovery, investigation, and use of infrared and later-on near-infrared phenomena provides the fundamental proofs on which NIR measurements are based today.

    It is important to realize that the logic, hence the science used during the historical phase, became the foundation upon which the principles of the modern NIR experiment rests. The following discussion cites the characteristics of NIR explored by the early investigators that verify and validate the use of NIR for measuring the physical and chemical properties of matter.

    Error Analysis
    Rocco Difoggio stated that error is associated with all analytical measurements. Error from NIR measurements arise primarily from the calibration results determined from the NIR measurements combined with the laboratory values obtained from the reference method. This combined error constitutes the bias (difference) observed between the calibrated NIRS and compendial reference method.

    Secondary contributions arise from user requirements (i.e., constraints from environmental conditions, sample presentation, etc.), spectral noise, and artifacts from the reference values propagate through calibration model, each contributing to the experimental bias. It is incumbent on the analyst to assess, understand, validate, and control all sources of error.9,10

    NIRS errors are manifested as authentic (a value or a spectrum associated with an acceptable bias), an outlier (a value or spectrum associated with a bias greater or less than the acceptable bias), or a residual (the difference of an unknowns predicted value and spectrum from the model). Historically, error was attributed to instrument (mechanical and electronic), computation, sample positioning, and measurement, measurement from a single determination from one “representative” sample measurement, and/or the presence of moisture.11

    Accuracy
    Norris and Williams demonstrated that effects from sample mean particle size, particle size distribution, temperature, and moisture from the NIR results vary greatly.12 Determining the sample properties of not only those being determined, but also of those that directly or indirectly effect the sample placement and measurement, must be shown and accounted for if the results are to be accurate and the bias acceptable from the reference value. Norris later improved the instrument for measuring diffuse reflectance NIR spectra by devising a single beam instrument leading to increased signal-to-noise and significant improvement of the accuracy of the NIR measurement.13

    Precision
    The reproducibility of NIR measurements was demonstrated for the first time by Abney and Festing.14,15 Not only were accurate thermographs of line spectra obtained from ethyl iodide and chloroform, but they were reproducible anytime and anyplace. Most convincing however was the demonstration proving the existence of heat rays. By fixing a (0, 0) reference from the center of the yellow wavelength, and by making many thermographs, they were able to establish the mean of a great number of thermographs so that on average, the mean of three measurements proved useful for demonstrating the presence of heat rays due to heat only, and not those which are usually associated with chemical effects. Modern NIR spectrophotometers are capable of achieving precision in the range from 0.004 to 0.5% when measuring OH. NH, or CH groups of unknown compounds.16

    Sample
    It is important to note that historically, earlier measurement of samples was done entirely on pure chemical compounds, and it was only later on, well into mid 1900s that substances ranging from forage, soil, and animal physiology were being studied. Later on, its use expanded into other markets such as energy, food, textiles, beverage, pharmaceuticals, medical and more. Certain caveats have been developed when measuring materials for their NIR spectra. An assessment of the results from a well-planned Design of Experiment (DoE) against these critical factors is necessary if valid (known errors, accurate and precise) results are to be obtained.
    1. Selectivity: the analyte must be a known and documented near-infrared absorber or otherwise fully characterized as such.
    2. Specificity: the method must be shown to be free from contaminants and specific for the analyte.
    3. Linearity: a suitable range should be established in order to determine the linearity of response.
    4. Recovery: the critical experimental step (procedure) should be explored for retrieving the analyte.
    5. Repeatability: the measurement step (method) should be described clearly, concisely and completely so that it can be performed repeatedly with minimum variability.
    6. Suitability: the instrument requirements are provided (S/N, wavelength / wavenumber range and resolution, # of scans co-add, data acquisition rate), and instructions given for handling the sample during measurement [i.e. temperature effects].
    7. Sample Lifecycle: specific requirements as to the reference and sample storage, handling, preparation and presentation.
    8. Experimental: a method for obtaining the spectral result is described.
    9. Results: the units for the results are provided and expressed.

    Instrument(s)
    Kay’s remarks at the Pittcon 1954 symposium are succinct regarding requirements for NIR instrumentation.16 NIR Instruments should be assessed for their signal-to-noise ratio and wavelength or wavenumber resolution. Low signal-to-noise contributes significant error to a calibration. The main contribution of noise comes from the light source as photon noise. Regarding wavelength or wavenumber resolution, Griffiths et al.17 present data on the importance of understanding wavelength or wavenumber resolution variance regarding measurements made in near-infrared diffuse reflection mode when using high resolution FT-NIR instruments versus low resolution scanning monochromators.

    To Kay’s credit, Griffith et al. note that differences due to (a) observed wavelength shifts; (b) the difference in the number of resolved absorption bands caused by differences in the resolution between grating and Fourier–transform (FT) NIR instruments; and (c) differences in the number of absorption bands among standards, will have significant effects on the accuracy of NIR measurements. In addition, Griffiths et al. point out that NIR instruments effect on the accuracy of the wavelength scale of NIR spectrometers are determined by:
    1. the spectrometer resolution (sometimes called the spectral bandwidth, SBW), i.e., the optical resolution of the instrument;
    2. the shape of the instrument line shape (ILS) function of the spectrometer (often called the spectral slit function for grating spectrometers);
    3. the symmetry and extent of overlap of the bands in the spectrum of the wavelength standard;
    4. the choice of the peak-picking algorithm used to assign peak maxima; and
    5. vignetting of the beam by the diffuse reflection optics.

    These instrument characteristics should be assessed and defined in any user requirement before making an instrument selection.

    Analyst
    Analytical chemistry education and laboratory training alone is not enough to be successful at using NIR as a solution for solving analytical problems. Besides the fact that NIR spectra are not suitable for analysis directly, since they are mainly comprised of hydrogenic bonds (OH, CH, NH) from nonspecific sources, another requirement must be met for this highly specialized branch of spectroscopy to be useful: that being knowledge of chemometrics.

    Chemometrics is “…concerned with the application of mathematical and statistical techniques to extract chemical and physical information from complex data.”18 Meeting all of the requirements would allow an analyst to pull together knowledge from chemistry, spectroscopy and chemometrics to perform a sequence of steps for obtaining both qualitative and quantitative information about materials. Because the use of NIR and chemometrics consumes a lot of data in order to arrive at a solution, another requirement is that the analyst must be able to keep track of and organize a set of samples, taking the measurements without making errors, and the sampling of spectra should be performed by the same person entering the chemical data and operating the computer programs to do the analyses in order to minimize or eliminate human error.19

    Conclusion
    They say that “Twenty-twenty” is hindsight. What the future has wrought with microprocessors, miniature, handheld spectrophotometers, free, open-source software and Google is the expectation that information can now be had instantaneously and at no cost to the user. This may be true for some applications, but, it is not true for NIR technology for several reasons:
    1. It is not a primary mode of analysis. The results are obtained by correlating NIR spectra with values or properties of a reference method used to make original measurements of the samples under study. Learning the nature of sampling is the first necessary step and is paramount for a successful NIR program.20
    2. Raw NIR spectra contain both physical and chemical properties about the sample and may require some form of spectral pretreatment, which require a basic understanding of spectroscopy and the chemometric tools used to perform the spectral transformations.
    3. Chemometrics involves the use of a plethora of algorithms for analyzing the spectra and reference data. The mathematical relationships required to analyze the data depend on understanding the nature of the problem (i.e., qualitative or quantitative), the scope of the problem (i.e, data reduction, clustering, regression analysis) and the instrument mode required to name some of the key factors and reasons for researching the history of NIR before plowing ahead.21

    Sufficient training must not only include that the characteristics of NIR are thoroughly reviewed and understood as outlined in this paper, but also chemometrics and principles arising from the Theory Of Sampling (TOS). Doing so will ensure that instruments, personnel and NIR programs flourish and remain funded. 

    References
    1. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/pharmaceutical-quality-resources/current-good-manufacturing-practice-cgmp-regulations
    2. Pharmaceutical Analytical Sciences Group (PASG), NIR sub-Group Guidelines for the Development and Validation of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Methods in the Pharmaceutical Industry, PASG, 2002
    3. Guideline on the use of near infrared spectroscopy by the pharmaceutical industry and the data requirements for new submissions and variations Revision 2 January 2014
    4. GUIDANCE DOCUMENT, Development and Submission of Near Infrared Analytical Procedures MARCH 2015 Draft Not for implementation. Contains non-binding recommendations
    5. ASTM E1790-04(2016)e1, Standard Practice for Near Infrared Qualitative Analysis, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016
    6. ASTM E1655-17, Standard Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017
    7. USP <1119> Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, USP 43-NF (38)
    8. ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline Validation Of Analytical Procedures: Text And Methodology Q2(R1) March 2005
    9. Difoggio, R., “Examination of Some Misconceptions About Near-Infrared Analysis”, Applied Spectroscopy, Volume 49, Number 1, pp. 67-75, 1995
    10. Difoggio, R., Applied Spectroscopy, “Guidelines for Applying Chemometrics to Spectra: Feasibility and Error Propagation,” Volume 54, Number 3, pp. 94A–113A, 2000
    11. Coblentz, W. W., “Supplementary Investigations of Infra-Red Spectra Part V Infra-Red Reflection Spectra, Part VI” “Infra-Red Transmission Spectra, Part VII Infra-Red, Emission Spectra”, The Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1908
    12. Norris K.H. and Williams P.C., “Optimization of Mathematical Treatments of Raw Near-Infrared Signal in the Measurement of Protein in Hard Red Spring Wheat. I. Influence of Particle Size”, Cereal Chem. 61(2), 158–165, 1984
    13. Norris, K., Early History of near Infrared for Agricultural Applications, NIR News 3(1), 12-13, CNIR Publications 1992
    14. Bakerian Lecture “On the Photographic Method of Mapping the least Refrangible End of the Spectrum,” by Captain W. de W. A b n e y, R.E., F.R.S., Phil. Trans., 1880
    15. Abney, R.E. and Festing, R.E., On the influence of the atomic grouping in the molecules of organic bodies on their absorption in the infra-red region of the spectrum, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 172, p. 889, 1881
    16. Kaye, W., “Near-infrared spectroscopy; A review. I. Spectral identification and analytical applications”, Spectrochimica Acta, 6, 257-287, 1954
    17. Griffiths, P. R., Ritchie, G. E., Casay, G. A., Jones, B. J., Pharmacopeial forum 38(1) “Stimuli to the Revision Process: Wavelengths of Calibration Standards for Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectrometry”, 2012
    18. Wold, S., Spline functions, a new tool in data-analysis, Kemisk Tidskrift, 1972
    19. Norris, K., Early History of near Infrared for Agricultural Applications, NIR News 3(1), 12-13, CNIR Publications 1992
    20. Esbensen, K. H., et al, Ed., Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Sampling, IM Publications, 2019
    21. Ciurczak, E. W., Ed., 4th Edition Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis, 2021


    Gary E. Ritchie, MS, is an internationally recognized expert in pharmaceutical analysis with a focus on vibrational spectroscopy and multivariate analysis, process analytics and quality assurance. Gary’s experience includes increasing responsibilities in quality control, technical services, research and development and new technologies with Schein Pharmaceuticals and Purdue Pharma. Gary was appointed Scientific Fellow for Process Analytical Technology and Liaison to the General Chapters, Pharmaceutical Waters and Statistics Expert Committee’s from 2003 through 2008 for the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Gary currently consults, providing analytical and quality solutions for the pharmaceutical industry.
    Related Searches
    • Laboratory Testing
    • R&D

    Related Features

    • R&D
      Small Innovators & Niche CROs

      Small Innovators & Niche CROs

      Smaller CROs have the opportunity to provide a niche approach to its clients, particularly smaller sponsors who have shared synergies.
      Neil Goodman, David Bruce and Mohamed El Malt, Europital 04.01.21

    • Laboratory Testing
      Focus on Science

      Focus on Science

      How to maximize lab performance and value through comprehensive equipment management.
      Rohit Shroff, Senior Vice President, Global Lab Products, Avantor 04.01.21

    • Analytical Services | Bioanalytical Services | Laboratory Testing | R&D
      Rapid and Data Rich Chromatographic Method Development

      Rapid and Data Rich Chromatographic Method Development

      An overview of what to consider when developing chromatographic methods.
      Daniel Kirschner, Executive Director of Analytical Services, Cambrex - Durham, North Carolina 04.01.21


    • Analytical Services | Information Technology | Laboratory Testing
      Business Intelligence For (and From) the Lab

      Business Intelligence For (and From) the Lab

      How a digital ecosystem can harness the most data-rich environment in the CDMO.
      Bob Voelkner, VP Sales and Marketing, LabVantage 01.27.21

    • Clinical Trials | Information Technology | R&D
      Decentralized Trials Fuel AI Revolution in Clinical Research

      Decentralized Trials Fuel AI Revolution in Clinical Research

      The life sciences industry is giving clinical a full makeover, dramatically improving how new therapeutics are developed.
      Nick Moss, Vice President of Analytics and Machine Learning, Medable 11.17.20

    • Drug Development | Drug Discovery | R&D
      R&D Outsourcing Trends

      R&D Outsourcing Trends

      Highly specialized drug products and capacity needs drive increased reliance on contract service providers.
      Kristin Brooks, Managing Editor, Contract Pharma 10.14.20


    • Laboratory Testing
      Necessary, Appropriate, Valid: A mantra for facility managers creating complete health strategies

      Necessary, Appropriate, Valid: A mantra for facility managers creating complete health strategies

      The challenge of maintaining colony health; the importance of health monitoring
      Emmanuel Gomas, European Services Manager, Envigo 11.13.18

    • Clinical Trials | R&D
      Improving Pharma R&D Efficiency: The need to transform clinical trials

      Improving Pharma R&D Efficiency: The need to transform clinical trials

      Cost pressures on drug development are driving the search for savings and efficiencies—but efforts need to be integrated if t
      ICON plc 10.10.18

    • Drug Development | Information Technology | R&D
      CRO Industry Update: Big Data Drives Drug Development Efforts

      CRO Industry Update: Big Data Drives Drug Development Efforts

      With growth in virtual trials and RWE, the clinical development landscape may never look the same
      Kristin Brooks, Managing Editor 05.11.18


    • R&D
      A Blueprint to Unify Clinical Operations

      A Blueprint to Unify Clinical Operations

      Fast-growing clinical research organization speeds study execution and improves quality
      Jim Reilly, VP of Clinical Market Strategy, Veeva Systems 05.08.18

    • R&D
      Newsmakers: Charles River

      Newsmakers: Charles River

      Charles River Expands
      Kristin Brooks, Managing Editor 05.07.18

    • Analytical Services | Laboratory Testing
      The Time Has Come

      The Time Has Come

      Looking at the change from USP <231> to USP <232> and <233> and what it means.
      Nikki Schopp, Assistant Manager, Analytical Laboratory Services at SGS Life Sciences 04.10.18


    • R&D
      CRO Consolidations: A Boon for Pharma?

      CRO Consolidations: A Boon for Pharma?

      In the contract research space there is a movement towards consolidation in order to expand capabilities and reach to service
      Craig Morgan, Head of Marketing, goBalto 11.07.17

    • Laboratory Testing
      Dissolution is King

      Dissolution is King

      Despite the focus on CAPA, dissolution testing deserves closer attention and a stronger emphasis.
      Keith Moore, Metrics Contract Services 09.06.17

    • R&D
      Streamlining Operations:  Sponsor-CRO Partnership Trends

      Streamlining Operations: Sponsor-CRO Partnership Trends

      Clinical teams have the opportunity to shed decades-old siloed operating model.
      Jim Reilly, Veeva Systems 09.06.17

    Trending
    • Thermo Fisher Acquires PPD For $17.4B
    • Abenza Chooses North Carolina For New Biologics Manufacturing Site
    • Executive Moves: Novavax
    • Ensuring Pharma Manufacturing Quality
    • Sanofi Invests In Cutting Edge Vax Production Site In Singapore
    Breaking News
    • Bristol Myers Squibb Expands at Cambridge Crossing
    • Amgen Completes Five Prime Acquisition
    • Sartorius Expands in the UK
    • Obituary Notice: Russell “Russ” Haines
    • Abenza Chooses North Carolina for New Biologics Manufacturing Site
    View Breaking News >
    CURRENT ISSUE

    April 2021

    • Small Innovators & Niche CROs
    • Focus on Science
    • Rapid and Data Rich Chromatographic Method Development
    • Preparing Your Post Pandemic Talent Strategy
    • How Modern Near-Infrared Came to Be
    • Securing Your API Supply Chain: Three Keys to Success
    • View More >

    Cookies help us to provide you with an excellent service. By using our website, you declare yourself in agreement with our use of cookies.
    You can obtain detailed information about the use of cookies on our website by clicking on "More information”.

    • About Us
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms And Conditions
    • Contact Us

    follow us

    Subscribe
    Nutraceuticals World

    Latest Breaking News From Nutraceuticals World

    AstaReal Astaxanthin Ingredient Receives U.S. Patent Approval
    Study on Kemin’s DailyZz Botanical Blend Uncovers Sleep Quality, Next-Day Performance Benefits
    FDA’s Dr. Cara Welch Opening Speaker at the 9th AHPA Botanical Congress
    Coatings World

    Latest Breaking News From Coatings World

    Jebsen & Jessen, Innospec Sign Distribution Agreement
    IGL Coatings Announces Partnership in Finland
    Axalta Schedules 1Q 2021 Earnings Conference Call
    Medical Product Outsourcing

    Latest Breaking News From Medical Product Outsourcing

    Iterative Scopes Announces IBD-Focused Scientific Advisory Board
    Vicarious Surgical, D8 Holdings Corp. Combine Operations in $1.1 Billion Deal
    FDA Grants De Novo Clearance to Medtronic’s GI Genius Model
    Contract Pharma

    Latest Breaking News From Contract Pharma

    Bristol Myers Squibb Expands at Cambridge Crossing
    Amgen Completes Five Prime Acquisition
    Sartorius Expands in the UK
    Beauty Packaging

    Latest Breaking News From Beauty Packaging

    Former L’Oréal Exec Joins Glossier
    Lancôme Reveals New Global Sustainability Program
    First-Ever Skincare Line Focuses on Iron To Prevent Aging
    Happi

    Latest Breaking News From Happi

    P&G Emphasizes Small Actions at Home To Be More Sustainable
    L'Oréal's Sales Jump on Gains in China and E-Commerce
    PCPC Virtual Summit Features Legal & Regulatory Conference
    Ink World

    Latest Breaking News From Ink World

    Kumon North America Adds Speedmaster XL 106 from Heidelberg
    SE-DA Invests in Kornit Presto S
    Acrylic Resins Market Worth $21.9 Billion by 2025: MarketsandMarkets
    Label & Narrow Web

    Latest Breaking News From Label & Narrow Web

    TLMI reveals Eugene Singer Award winners at Virtual Spring Summit
    Monadnock Paper Mills joins SGP
    ACTEGA helps converter reach sustainability goals
    Nonwovens Industry

    Latest Breaking News From Nonwovens Industry

    Albaad to Add Natural-Based Line in Israel
    First Quality to Discontinue Tampon Operations
    Jessup Installs New Era Coating and Laminating Line
    Orthopedic Design & Technology

    Latest Breaking News From Orthopedic Design & Technology

    BioMagnetic Sciences Names President and CEO
    Mainstay Medical Launches ReActiv8 in Australia
    Biogennix Rolls Out Agilon Strip Bone Graft
    Printed Electronics Now

    Latest Breaking News From Printed Electronics Now

    Virtual ASMC 2021 Spotlights Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Excellence
    LG Display Cuts Down CO2-eq Emissions by 3 Million Tons in 2020
    European Commission's Innovation Radar Acknowledges 3 ARMOR Innovations

    Copyright © 2021 Rodman Media. All rights reserved. Use of this constitutes acceptance of our privacy policy The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Rodman Media.

    AD BLOCKER DETECTED

    Our website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors.
    Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker.


    FREE SUBSCRIPTION Already a subscriber? Login